Dachshund 

1. Introduction

Considered one of the most unique breeds, dachshunds are known for their elongated body and small legs. It is often said that they are 'half a dog tall and two dogs long.' Although they are quite a small breed, they are known to be fierce and brave hunters. Their shape makes them particularly well-suited for hunting prey crawling in sets underground. Although dachshunds are popular for their particular appearance, their personality traits that make the breed stand out as a companion are their playful, lively nature and their intelligence. They certainly are not short of confidence, often being described as relatively independent and in charge of any situation.

Dachshunds come in a variety of types but can mainly be broken down into three coat types: long-coated, smooth-coated, and wire-coated. Each of these coat types is further divided into two sizes: standard and miniature, totaling six possible combinations of coat types and body sizes. Regardless of their appearance, dachshunds are still known for being brave, ardent hunters that want to protect their families. Their love of exercise is to offset the popular belief that dachshunds are 'lazy', and it is good for their physical and mental health. In the right hands, dachshunds may adapt to a variety of lifestyles, but training is essential. Different from human orientations, dachshunds appreciate a structured training plan with lots of positive reinforcement and treats.

2. Historical Background of the Dachshund Breed

Native to Germany, the Dachshund originated more than 300 years ago, borrowing its roots from the Spaniel, Greyhound, and Terrier. The breed, representing several sizes including standard, miniature, and kaninchen (rabbit), is a hound. Dachshunds were originally used underground as hunting dogs. The breed’s short legs and long body were designed for the hunt. The low center of gravity was hard to get at amidst tight crevices while the resilient long body was filled with power, providing the stamina to constantly chase and tear into its quarry. The paddle-like tail helped hunters extract the dog from underground burrows once the dog had cornered and killed small creatures. "Dachshund" translates to "badger dog" in German, and true to their namesake, Dachshunds were highly skilled hunters in Germany, aiding hunters and farmers by eliminating vermin and adding meat to the table. As such, the breed was accepted into the American Kennel Club in 1885.

Some enthusiasts believe that Dachshunds were treated like a fad, based on their popularity in the mid-2000s. Dachshunds may be prone to certain types of cancer. Growth hormone deficiency seems to appear in this breed. Dogs that have it have normal, healthy development and growth, but there is a small size difference. Carriers of this "retarded-growth" will not be overtly affected by it and will not have the same health problems others have. There are two types of Dachshund coats. The smooth coat is short and shiny as most dog owners know, and the long coat is soft and long. Neither type is hypoallergenic.

3. Physical Characteristics of Dachshunds

Dachshunds are small, four-legged, long-stretched hound dogs known for their unique, characteristic body. They descend from hunting dog breeds and possess some aspects of their ancestors both in terms of psychological and physical traits. Dachshunds are famously recognized for their elongated body, short legs, and their bark. Refined within breeding clubs to specific standards, Dachshunds retain these distinctive looks still to this day.

The American Kennel Club distinguishes two categories in Dachshund dog breed: Standard and Miniature. Standard Dachshunds can weigh sixteen to thirty-two pounds, and Miniature Dachshunds range from eleven pounds and under. All weights should be in proportion to the dog’s size and height. In terms of height, Standard Dachshunds stand between eight to nine inches at the shoulder and Miniature between five to six inches. There are three coat types that Dachshunds come with: smooth (short hair), wirehair, and longhair. The longhair coat type Dachshund possesses long, slightly wavy, and single coat hair, while the smooth- and wirehaired possess short and thick coats with undercoat. Their color and markings can vary, with single, bi, or tri-colors noted by the American Kennel Club standard. They can come in red, black, chocolate, or cream coats. Both longhair and smooth coat Dachshunds have pronounced eyebrows, beard, and mustache, and ear hair that grows increasingly abundant. Their ears are long, wavy, and lie close to their head. Dachshunds have a Twice-the-Length-over-Height ratio making their legs very short in comparison to the rest of their body. With ears framing their oval face, Dachshunds carry a strong, square jawline. Their average lifespan ranges from twelve to sixteen years.

Uncommon even for a hunting dog, the Dachshund’s body is stretched to a length of five or six times a dog’s height and has the strength to match. Despite their length, the dachshund should never be described as low-slung; they are still a vertically proportioned dog. This ‘stretch’ comes from their tenacious backbone which holds up the muscles and organs in their elongated frame. Their back is broad and proportional in width throughout. The shape of their skull reveals that the Dachshund is wide, elongated, and rounded at the back. Their eyes are oval with a soft expression and a prominent brow, while most colors of the coat may correspond with the eyes, dark eye colors are preferred. Dachshund tails are carried in line with their body - never bent, but can naturally fault to a slight curve. While an acceptable fault, their tails should never be carried upwards.

4. Personality Traits and Temperament of Dachshunds

Pet owners should be aware of the traits that Dachshunds typically have. This way, dog owners will not become worried if the Dachshunds regularly exhibit the behavior their kind displays. Dachshunds are loyal dogs that are comfortable with people they know. However, if a stranger or unfamiliar individual comes into their territory, Dachshunds will bark continually to make sure the stranger knows who is in charge. Because of this habit, Dachshunds can be a good watchdog option. Dachshunds are intelligent and brave dogs that are always eager for adventure. Their enthusiasm should be well-contained and not strenuous, as this can lead to fatal repercussions. The breed is harmlessly aggressive. Dachshunds are typical of valiant warriors who will, regrettably, announce their authority. Chasing, teasing, and confronting other family animals or strangers are all possible with Dachshund behavior. Despite their agility, short legs, and long spines, the breed may be at risk of spinal cord injury. Because of their whimsical disposition, they may at times clash with other more relaxed animals, but many adjust in harmony with new species in the family.

Dachshunds are peaceful, yet brave, individuals. They are a little suspicious and wary of strangers. Dachshunds may become nervy if they feel threatened. They are prone to partnerships with other animals in their breed, but their fear instinct may activate if people or other species are not given healthy socialization during their younger years. Long-haired Dachshunds are clever, and Dachshunds may be difficult to manage at times. They do well in moderate-sized homes and condos. They are ambivalent, which means they are equally pleased cuddling on the couch as they are roaming about. Their territorial and altruistic natures make them a good watchdog, even in small homes when properly trained. Because of their good athletic abilities at playing in and out of the house, an enclosed outdoor area in which to roam safely is ideal.

5. Dachshund Health and Common Medical Issues

- Dachshunds can suffer from heart-related diseases such as dilated cardiomyopathy and patent ductus arteriosus, in which abnormal blood flow occurs to the lungs. Usually, a dog with heart disease shows yellowish gums, swelling around the legs, abnormal breathing, and an enlarged abdomen.

- Sinus bradycardia, a congenital heart problem that results in a slow, irregular heartbeat, is common in Dachshunds. If you observe unusual behavior with excessive vomiting, you have to consult the vet to prevent death.

- Obesity, another common problem that can be seen, can lead to disc problems, diabetes, and many forms of cancer. Often offer them a variety of treats and foods, prevent fatty acids, and encourage them to play, workout, and carry out many outdoor activities.

- The general well-being of a Dachshund is verified exclusively by veterinarians and doctors. The Dachshunds' sides feel heavy in the autumn, so a blanket or coat should always be worn. It is a myth. Instead, a jumper, coat, or jumper can be worn when they leave the house to allow them to adjust to colder temperatures, particularly in the winter. A well-equipped vet should be consulted from an early age and all disease avoidance vaccinations can be recommended by them.

6. Nutritional Needs and Diet for Dachshunds

Dietary and Nutritional Requirements

Dachshunds usually weigh between 16 and 32 pounds and stand 8 to 9 inches tall, qualifying them as small to medium dogs. Their high activity levels mean they expend significant amounts of energy, necessitating a diet high in proteins and fats to meet their dietary requirements. Dachshunds are predisposed to obesity, which places them at a higher risk for developing obesity-related conditions. Overeating due to not feeling full can be thwarted by providing a balanced diet high in proteins, which helps satisfy the hunger of Dachshunds. Foods that are high in Omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals are the best and safest choices for Dachshund eating. High-fiber diets may help to prevent obesity and constipation, but the effects differ from dog to dog. The optimal amount of carbohydrates in a Dachshund's diet should not exceed 30% to 70% of the total calorie intake. Dachshunds can get the necessary carbohydrates from nutritious foods like fresh vegetables, whole grains, and fruits.

6.1. Feeding plan

Fresh, potable water should be available to Dachshunds at all times. To combat overheating, a Dachshund should be fed 2 to 3 times a day. A four-month-old Dachshund puppy that weighs less than 10 pounds should start with half a cup of dry food three times a day. Gradually increase food intake to 1 cup per day, adjusting portion sizes based on weight. A Dachshund puppy that weighs between 10 and 30 pounds can eat a combination of wet and dry foods. A proportionate serving size of 300 grams of wet food and one and a half cups of dry dog food is appropriate. At 9 months of age, the feed can be reduced to once a day. Dry food should be soaked in warm water for 15 to 20 minutes before feeding to prevent bloating and mouth disease. Owners should avoid feeding their Dachshunds leftovers to prevent health and sensory issues.

7. Exercise and Training Recommendations

Plenty of activities await for your Dachshund that includes a sundry of indoor and outdoor games. Daily walks are an essential part of your dog's routine. However, you must keep in mind the cost of bad weather or extreme conditions for short-coated Dachshunds.

The Dachshund breed is one of the most challenging canine breeds to train. Housebreaking requires both time and patience. Training must always be done with a firm and consistent manner. With a strong particular preference and a stubborn streak, they need plenty of positive reinforcement for training. The breed responds well to positive reinforcement that includes praise, food reward, toys, or any other resources. However, it is pertinent to note that overindulging in treats might not bring in the desired results and your Dachshund may refuse to do anything without a treat. Introduce socialization from puppyhood. He needs to learn how to interact gently with people and other dogs. Focus can be achieved in your Dachshund during training by keeping the sessions short as they are prone to boredom. They are excellent watchdogs but cannot be trained for guard duties.

Dachshunds need vigorous exercise in moderation as their low, long bodies tend to put strain on the back and joints. To keep them fit, a couple of daily walks and play make an excellent exercise routine. As adults, they can take part in dog sports such as obedience, agility, and tracking to keep them fit. Swimming, too, is perfect as it keeps stress from their joints. Highly intelligent Dachshunds can intensely predict what action you intend to take before you take it. Combining the walk with training sessions can slowly increase their endurance and mental quotient. Avoid over-exercising Dachshund puppies of 4 months and below. They need to develop strong bones before they are vigorously driven in exercise regimes. A well-fenced garden or yard forms a good exercise space for your Dachshund to run around. Regular exercise will keep your dog mentally stable.

8. Grooming and Coat Care for Dachshunds

Grooming treatment for Dachshunds is mainly based on their coat type: some grooming routines are practicable monthly, some others on a weekly basis. Generally, Dachshunds don't suffer from a doggy odor or excessive shedding, they may shed low to moderate on a daily basis. Their coat should be checked on a weekly schedule to remove loose hair, debris, and dirt, and any matting should be removed before it becomes a problem. This can be effectively done with a slicker brush, good-quality comb, bristle brush, or rubber grooming mitt, according to the coat type so as not to damage the skin and the coat. Since the coat is a good dust magnet, bathing, especially longhairs, is recommended on a monthly basis. In the final rinsing stage, apply a small quantity of cream rinse. It will make the coat soft and easy to comb. Bathing can be done in a bathtub or with a commercial spray nozzle hooked to the sink faucet.

The most important rule of grooming the Dachshund is to brush the dog totally dry, even with the final cloth; this breed has a double coat and a completely water (wet) NOT DOUBLE coat, such as the white breeds. Dachshunds do not need to be trimmed in any way and doing so will only damage their coat regrowth. The appropriate length of the nails can be checked by looking at the paws from the rear: the nail must not touch the ground. Ears should be cleaned and checked regularly for signs of infection. The Dachshund should be brushed within their denomination: all types of Dachshunds should be brushed in the direction of the hair growth. The exception to this rule is when using a comb; regardless of the type of Dachshund, always comb against the growth of the hair to go deeper into the undercoat. For people with long and wire-haired Dachshunds, it is highly recommended to brush them at least every other day.

9. Tips for Responsible Dachshund Ownership

1. Energy and exercise: Don't underestimate Dachshunds' energy levels. Although they are small, they need regular exercise to stay happy and healthy, both mentally and physically. Their love for play makes exercising them fun and enjoyable. These four-legged diggers interact with their playful side when being exercised, establishing a good bond between them and their owners.

2. Fencing and containment: Because of their natural instinct to chase, which often leads them to wander off while exploring, many Dachshund owners recommend fencing or at least having a secure, enclosed yard. You also have to supervise them closely when you unleash them. This breed of dog, being playful, curious, and too obsessed with chasing, can sometimes be oblivious to dangers on the road, such as oncoming cars. Therefore, those intending to own Dachshunds should make plans to keep them either leashed or within an enclosed area.

3. Dental care: Dachshunds tend to experience dental problems such as bad breath, gum infection, tartar, and tooth decay. Regular brushing of their teeth with dog toothpaste, or toys, treats, supplements, and tools that aid dental care, is crucial to maintain good dog dental hygiene.

4. Socialization: To ensure their well-being and interaction with family, pets, and strangers, you should start socializing Dachshunds as soon as possible.

5. Early testing for predicting future health concerns: Consult your vet to conduct an early genetic test to attempt to detect any underlying health conditions that your Dachshund may have. Common health concerns among Dachshunds include Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD), genetic eye disorders, epilepsy, chronic liver disease, and autoimmune thyroiditis. These tests, if conducted early, can be used to monitor and better manage the health of any Dachshund that has a condition. Treated periodic medication, reversed surgical treatment, or avoid other possible health complications if diagnosed and cared for early enough.